“Ido shi ne taga a cikin kwakwalwa,” in ji likitan ido Dokta Christine Greer, darektan ilimin likitanci a Cibiyar Cututtukan Neurodegenerative a Boca Raton, Florida. “Za ku iya gani kai tsaye cikin tsarin jin tsoro ta hanyar kallon bayan ido, zuwa ga jijiyar gani da ido.”

Bincike ya binciko yadda ido zai iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar Alzheimer kafin bayyanar cututtuka ta fara. Cutar ta ci gaba sosai ta hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar lokaci da halayen da aka shafa.

“Cutar Alzheimer ta fara ne a cikin kwakwalwa shekaru da yawa kafin alamun farko na asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya,” in ji Dokta Richard Isaacson, wani masanin ilimin cututtuka na Alzheimer wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Idan likitoci sun iya gano cutar a farkon matakan ta, mutane za su iya yin zaɓin salon rayuwa mai kyau kuma su sarrafa “al’amuran haɗari masu iya canzawa, kamar hawan jini, high cholesterol da ciwon sukari,” in ji Isaacson.

Ido ya sani

Yaya da wuri za mu iya ganin alamun raguwar fahimi? Don ganowa, wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya bincika nama da aka bayar daga retina da kuma kwakwalwar mutane 86 masu digiri daban-daban na raguwar hankali.

“Bincikenmu shine na farko don samar da zurfin nazarin bayanan furotin da kwayoyin halitta, salula, da kuma tsarin tsarin cutar Alzheimer a cikin kwayar cutar ta mutum da kuma yadda suke dacewa da canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa da aikin tunani,” in ji babban marubuci Maya. Koronyo-Hamaoui, farfesa na neurosurgery da kimiyyar halittu a Cedars-Sinai a Los Angeles, a cikin wata sanarwa.

“Wadannan canje-canje a cikin retina sun haɗu da canje-canje a cikin sassan kwakwalwa da ake kira cortices entorhinal da na wucin gadi, cibiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kewayawa da kuma fahimtar lokaci,” in ji Koronyo-Hamaoui.

Masu bincike a cikin binciken sun tattara samfurori na retinal da kwakwalwa a cikin shekaru 14 daga masu ba da gudummawar mutane 86 tare da cutar Alzheimer da rashin fahimta mai sauƙi – mafi yawan rukuni na samfurori da aka taɓa yin nazari, a cewar marubutan.

Masu bincike sun kwatanta samfurori daga masu ba da gudummawa tare da aikin fahimi na yau da kullun zuwa waɗanda ke da ƙarancin fahimi da waɗanda ke da cutar Alzheimer na gaba.

Binciken, wanda aka buga a watan Fabrairu a cikin mujallar Acta Neuropathologica, ya sami karuwa mai yawa a cikin beta-amyloid, mahimmin alamar cutar Alzheimer, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer da farkon fahimi.

Kwayoyin Microglial sun ƙi da 80% a cikin waɗanda ke da al’amuran fahimi, binciken ya gano. Waɗannan sel suna da alhakin gyarawa da kiyaye wasu ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da share beta-amyloid daga kwakwalwa da retina.

“An sami alamun kumburi (kuma) wanda zai iya zama alama mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban cututtuka,” in ji Isaacson, wanda bai shiga cikin binciken ba.

“Binciken ya kuma bayyana a cikin mutanen da ba su da ko ƙananan alamun fahimi, wanda ke nuna waɗannan sabbin gwaje-gwajen ido na iya kasancewa da kyau don taimakawa wajen gano cutar da wuri.”

Masu binciken binciken sun sami adadi mafi girma na ƙwayoyin rigakafi da ke kewaye da amyloid beta plaques da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta da ke da alhakin kumburi da mutuwar tantanin halitta da nama.

Atrophy nama da kumburi a cikin sel a cikin nesa mai nisa na retina sun kasance mafi tsinkaya ga matsayin fahimi, binciken da aka gano.

“Wadannan binciken na iya haifar da haɓaka fasahar hoto wanda zai ba mu damar gano cutar Alzheimer a baya da kuma daidai,” in ji Isaacson, “da kuma lura da ci gabanta ba tare da ɓarna ba ta hanyar kallon ido.”